Corns are formations of hard skin that form over bony prominences due to repeated forces of friction and pressure.  They are simply a formed by proliferation of the stratum corneum which is the top or outside layer of the skin.  Corns are usually hard except for corns that occur between the toes.  The corns between the toes stay moist in the web space and as a result are softer and spongier.  They usually occur in the web space near the baby toe or between the big toe and the second toe when  two toes touch and rub together.  It is more common in flatfeet due to toe misalignment or in individuals that wear stylish narrow toe boxed shoes.These corns usually give a painful burning sensation.Home therapy should includes foot powders to keep the web space dry, this will cut down on the burning. Avoid vaseline or ointments between the toes as these increase the rubbing and pain.One may also place cotton or lamb’s wool between the toes or store bought corn pads.A podiatrist can evaluate your soft corn(Heloma molle) by determining what causes the toes to rub. Is it shoes, foot position in gait, or misalignment of the toes themselves(bunions, hammertoes).The corns are removed by simple paring.  The corns will quickly return in most cases if shoes are not the culprit.  Definitive treatment may include altering the bone structure with surgery which may be done with a minimal incision surgery(osteotripsy) or traditional surgery on the toe (arthroplasty).  In cases where the big toe is too close to the second toe a bunion correction surgery may be indicated.

Toenail discoloration commonly comes from a previous injury or the color change could be due to a fungus. The only way to detrmine if it is a fungus is to have a culture taken. The results are usually back within a month.

Fungus nail infections are NOT contagious but may be uncomfortable and unsightly. Treatment is oral medication for three months. This medication is very safe, unlike medications used in the past.

It is VERY rare when topical medications cure a nail fungus. Other “old wive’s tales” include vinegar and other household products. These do NOT work and frequently cause skin irritation.

Diagnosis for treatment should be made by a professional.